Hamlet is a self-obsessed Essay Example for Free

Hamlet is a self-obsessed Essay Throughout the course of the play, the character of Hamlet undergoes major upheaval, so a transition in his psyche is to be expected. One interpretation behind the reason for this transition is the one stated in the title (i. e. that he is a self-obsessed, miserable typical teenager); another may be that he is simply the victim of exceptional circumstances (namely his fathers death and his mothers marriage to his uncle) either way, it is clear that Hamlet is acting under severe emotional stress during the play. That Hamlet is a very obsessive young man is easy enough to tell the list of things he obsesses about is extensive: the afterlife, his fathers murder, his new misogynistic feelings, suicide and general worldly dissatisfaction, to list the main bulk of his obsessions. Some of his soliloquies (which are the passages where Shakespeare allows Hamlet to reveal his complete emotions to the audience) are testament to this obsession, especially concerning suicide (O that this too too solid flesh would melt, To be or not to be). This self-obsession may be thought of as somewhat surprising when it is noted that Hamlet is meant to be heir to the Dane throne, as it portrays Hamlet as someone in a role of great social responsibility who only has the scope to think about his personal problems. Hamlet is by now old enough to attend university (although his age is unspecified), showing that he has reached an age where he can think independently and fully comprehend his duty to society, adding to the sense that he is being selfish in that he does not think of the well-being of his country, despite the numerous references to problems in Denmark (Something is rotten in the state of Denmark). It is this personal fixation and irresponsibility on Hamlets part that ends up bringing the ultimately Danish monarchy into ruin, with Fortinbras of Norway ascending to the throne. The claim that Hamlet is also miserable is also a valid one: the audience usually finds Hamlet in a highly melancholic state of mind (whether it is mere sullen impetuousness or full-blown suicidal depression). Hamlet seems dissatisfied with everything: his family, his nation, the world, his very existence. Part of the reason for this depressed nature is Hamlets tendency to philosophise and contemplate complex aspects of existence, such as the afterlife, which contrasts with the straight-forward action men that surround him, and is more typical of the modern moody teenager. For all of these reasons, it can be argued that Hamlet is indeed a self-obsessed, miserable typical teenager. However, a different interpretation of Hamlet is that he is the victim of exceptionally harrowing circumstances. His age is indeterminate, although the reader is sure that he is a young man. Already with the weight of an entire nation on his shoulders, his father dies, only for his mother to wed with wicked speed to his fathers brother: such a combination in such a short space of time for one as young as Hamlet is bound to have a detrimental effect on his outlook. Add to this the plainly insensitive handling of this shocking series of events by Claudius which serves only to exacerbate Hamlets sorrow and confusion (but to persever/ In obstinate condolement is a course/ Of impious stubbornness, tis unmanly grief,) and it becomes evident that Hamlet cannot be compared to a moody teenager, because the events that usually make teenagers stroppy cannot be compared in any way to the mental anguish that Hamlet is probably suffering. Such a comparison would be callous and thoughtless. Hamlets apparent descent into a self-crafted madness is indicative of the huge pressure placed upon him by the ghost of his father, who seems only interested in revenge rather than helping his son (Remember me. ). This emphasises the feeling that Hamlet is alone, with no-one truly understanding his situation (with the possible exception of Horatio). Teenagers nowadays have a vast array of methods in which they can seek help (i. e. relatives, hotlines, the police), again stressing the vast chasm between the situation of a moody teenager and the agonising plight which Hamlet finds himself in. The sheer exceptional scale of tragedy that occurs during the play and the profound effect they have on Hamlet are enough to ensure that he should not be compared to a moody teenager: to do so would be highly inconsiderate. Hence the interpretation that Hamlet is self-obsessed is a highly unfair one, as the world he knew previously has been shattered, and the one he finds himself in now is so intolerable to him that he ponders suicide, meaning that the affairs of Denmark do not find such a high priority in his mind because his personal life is in disarray. Even through the catastrophes in the play, as Hamlet lies on the ground dying, he names Fortinbras as the next ruler of Denmark this shows that, after he has resolved all of his issues, he starts to once again think of his nation, even as he is dying; the claim that he is miserable is a fair one, but he is justifiably miserable. He is not miserable because his parents will not let him attend a party: he is miserable because his father is dead and his mother has begun an incestuous relationship with his uncle. This is a legitimate reason for misery, and so Hamlet should be treated with a fitting level of compassion at least certainly not compared to typical teenagers. It is for the reasons above that the statement Hamlet is a self-obsessed, miserable typical teenager does not resonate well with the reader: the very fact that he is able to be sullen and even jocular initially (A little more than kin, and less than kind. Not so much, my lord, I am too much in the son. ) is a testament to his strong personality his true feelings are revealed in the following soliloquy. The character of Hamlet is far more complex than a comparatively simple teenager; the circumstances far more tragic; the pressure upon him far greater.

Airport Security Essay Example for Free

Airport Security Essay The department of homeland security has spent $40 billion rebuilding the aviation security system since September 11, 2001. Since then airport security has changed drastically, changed the whole world’s attitude towards airport security. The terrorist attack also showed the entire world how easily the old system was to manipulate and how much improvement airports need before they can truly be considered secure. The attacks forced the airline industry to renew and strengthen their focus on security. Many airports in the U.S. have introduced ethnic profiling since September 11, 2001 and the evidence shows this method has helped improve airport security. â€Å"The suspects who have since 9/11/01 been picked up are at least mostly Arabs† (Gale â€Å"Airport Security.† Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection). Security checks are not intended to embarrass or harm anybody; they are a necessary precaution to protect all passengers including Muslims. Not only does the TSA keep an eye on airline security around the globe, but also they have many different layers of security in our nation’s airports. The newest and most controversially is the full body scanner. These x-ray machines strip a person down to their birthday suit. Airport screeners are now federal employees. People are now having to wait longer to be able to pass thru security line to check in. many travelers get pulled aside for full body searches. There are 40 active full body scanners at 19 different airports, by the end of the year officials would like 500 in place. Today forty five thousand employees are working as passenger’s screeners in more than four hundred airports around the country. â€Å"Our top priority is the safety of the traveling public, and TSA constantly strives to explore and implement new technologies that enhance security and strengthen privacy protections for the traveling public†. (â€Å"TSA Takes Next Steps to Further Enhance Passenger Privacy.†) Though airport security was enforced, there was another incident. On Christmas December 25,2009, a twenty-three year old Nigerian named Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab attempted to detonate explosives aboard a Northwest Airlines flight traveling from Amsterdam to Detroit, Michigan. Abdulmutallab had hidden plastic explosives in his underwear, which had gone undetected during the passenger screening process. Abdulmutallab had also been identified as having connection to the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda less than two months before the attempted bombing, and his own father had contacted the American embassy in Nigeria to warn them of his son’s extremist beliefs. The only reason the bombing  Failed was because abdulmutallab did not properly activate the device, and other passengers aboard the plane subdued him. Two weeks after that incident Obama administration mandated extra scrutiny- including full body pat downs- for people flying into the United States from 14 mostly Muslim countries. Under the new rules, all citizens of Afghanistan, Algeria, Lebanon, Libya, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia and Yemen must receive a pat down and an extra check of their carry-on bags before boarding a plane bound for the united states, officials said. Citizens of Cuba, Iran, Sudan and Syria- nations considered â€Å"state sponsors of terrorism† (â€Å"Airport Security† January 6,2010). Airlines are still responsible for checking passenger information against government-issued watch lists intended to flag potentially dangerous travelers. Two of the lists are often referred to as the â€Å"No-Fly† (â€Å"Airport Security† January 6,2010) list, are the â€Å"Terrorist Watch List†, (â€Å"Airport Security† January 6,2010) and travelers appearing on these lists are subject to more detailed search or in the case of the â€Å"No Fly† list, are denied the ability to travel. We should appreciate that the airport security is making our trip safe and secure. Any inconvenience people feel is unimportant compared with saving lives by preventing terrorist attacks.

Functional Requirements Of Cladding System Construction Essay

Functional Requirements Of Cladding System Construction Essay Cladding can be defined as a protective or insulating layer fixed to the outside of the building or any other structure. The objectives of cladding system to be built are: To provide enclosure. The cladding was made to provide enclosure to the building which will give the necessary protection against the weather and external changes. Speed of dry construction. The usage of off-site prefabrication for the cladding can provide a drier and faster construction. It imposes minimal additional dead load. The cladding is usually made from a lightweight material and thus the additional load impose on the building is minimum. It enhances architectural concept and impress the appearance of the building. The cladding is made from a different type of materials. So, each of the material used may extrude the appearance of the building according to the concept and function of the building that the architect wants to design. It can control internal environment. The cladding system can control the internal environment of the building such as controlling light penetrating into the building, controlling the radiation and conduction of heat from the sun, and many others. To achieve the objectives, the cladding system should obey some of the functional requirements. The primary functions of cladding system is to separate the indoor environment of a building from the outdoors in such a way that the outdoors environment will not affecting the indoors and the indoor environment can be maintained at levels suitable for the intended use. The other functional requirements of the cladding system are as follows: The cladding system should have a good strength and stability. The cladding system must have adequate strength to support its own weight between the points of support or fixings to the structural frame whereas the sufficient stability is needed to against the lateral wind pressure exposed to the building. Both of these features are required in the cladding system to allow the differential movement between itself; in terms of material expansion and contraction, between the structural frame or the differential movement in other adjacent building element. The cladding system should have exclusion of wind and rain. To fulfil these criteria, a common practice is to construct a solid cladding system with an outer leaf as a rain screen and inner leaf as insulator. Thus, the materials used to seal joints are required to be resilient enough to accommodate movement and resist weather deterioration. To sustain the pressure and suctions by the wind, the cladding must be adequately strong and stiff. The wind directions and velocities are greater at the upper reaches of building. The cladding system must have durability and freedom of maintenance. The minimum frequency and extent of work is necessary to maintain the minimum functional requirements and acceptable appearance of the cladding. As an instance, the glass cladding requires frequent cleaning and renewal of seal to maintain its performance whereas the sheet metal cladding need to be observed and carefully take care of it as it is easily undergo oxidation process and faded. The cladding system has the control of internal temperatures. This is due to the solar gain through the glass panels. The internal temperature can be controlled by three ways. First is by using a deep recessed window in conjunction with external vertical fins. Secondly, by using non-transparent external louvers and thirdly is by using a special solar control glass. The cladding system has a great resistance towards fire. The system must fulfil the building regulations by the local authority. The materials used as a lining for insulation must be made from a non-combustible material. The cladding system should include thermal properties by controlling the radiation and conduction of heat. The lining of the cladding material need to provide additional insulation to control the heat. To radiate the flow of heat from the sun, the interior surfaces of the cladding need to be at the temperature that will not cause radiant discomfort which is neither too hot nor too cold. To control the conduction of heat, the cladding must be made from a low conductivity of heat material to avoid localised condensation on interior surfaces, thermal bridges and stabilised the required degree of the conduction of heat into and out of the building. The cladding system should be equipped with sound insulation. The cladding system should isolate the noise outside the building from the interior of the building or the interior of the building from the external noise. The isolation of noise is best achieved by walls that posses the features of airtight, massive and resilient. The used of resilient pad to prevent sound originating within the structure to be transferred vertically through the cladding members. The airborne sound can be prevented by utilising double glazing panel to windows area. The cladding systems must provide sufficient openings for the admittance of natural daylight and ventilation. The admittance of the sunlight into the building must be controlled as the sunlight has ultraviolet ray which is harmful towards human skin and must be kept off from inferior material that easily disintegrate or fade. The visible light of sunlight is useful for illumination but it can also be bothersome because it causes glare. Question 2 (b) A client requires a road that requires little maintenance with reasonable non-skid properties. With the aid of diagram, suggest a type of road and the construction methodology for the proposed road. The type of road that requires little maintenance and reasonable non-skid properties is a rigid pavement or also known as concrete road. A rigid pavement consists of a concrete slab resting on a thin granular base. The pavement may be Unreinforced Concrete (URC), Jointed Reinforced Concrete (JRC) or Continuously Reinforced Concrete (CRCP). The concrete slab should be Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC), manufactured, laid and cured according to the specification required. Figure 1: Cross-section of Pavement Structure The basic rigid pavement structure consists of subgrade (existing soil), sub-base course, base course and surface course (concrete). The sub-base course and base course are optional depending on the location of the road to be made. Sub-base layer consists of a lean concrete base and a layer of cement-bound granular base or soil cement base. The total thickness of sub-base and concrete slab should be a minimum of 450mm. The function of sub-base is assisting the drainage, protecting the subgrade against frost, and, in the case of fine-grained soils is to prevent pumping where the ejection of water and silt through joints or cracks occurs due to the downwards movement of the slab caused by heavy wheel loads. The materials used as a granular sub-base are crushed rock, crushed slag, crushed concrete, natural sand, gravels or well-burnt non-plastic shale. After the placement of sub-base layer, an anti-friction membrane is placed over and normally polythene sheeting that performs extra function of preventing grout loss from freshly laid concrete. The concrete slab is normally placed by a concreting train that runs on a heavy duty road form to prevent deflection and is bedded in position at least 24 hours before concreting tthe slab. A hopper unit is usually included in the concrete train to feed the concrete on the base through a conveyor belt. This operation may be carry out alternatively by using a screw-type spreader. Then, the concrete is laid onto the fabric reinforcement, followed by the placing of the fabric, a second spreader and compactor unit to complete the slab. Next, a surcharge is placed on the top layer of concrete to gain maximum compaction. An alternative method to lay the slab is by using a slip-form paver. This plant requires no side forms and mounted on crawler tracks. It is capable of laving pavement at 2m per minute. The general method of rigid pavement costruction consists of placement, consolidation, finishing, curing and jointing. Placement This process involves equipments and procedures use to place the pre-cast concrete on a desired thickness of surface. The concrete can be pour and spread by using truck or truck attachments. For a more accurate and even placement, a placementmachine can be use instead. The concrete will become less homogenous or tend to segregate after it has been unloaded from the truck. Thus, the screeding process is carried out immediately after the concrete placement. The excess portion of roughly pre-cast concrete are cut off to the required level of slab elevation. This can be done by dragging a straightedge at the required elevation across the slab. Figure 2: Placement Over Dowel Bars in an Intersection Figure 3: Placement in Front of a Rolling Screed Consolidation This process is use to eliminate undesirable voids in any ways possible. This process removes undesirable air voids and causing it to move around reinforcing steel or other potential obstruction and thus, makes the freshly placed pre-cast concrete more uniform and compact mass. The process of consolidation is completed by using a vibrator that can be characterised as a long and slender vibration rods. The vibrator works by moving back and forth to rotate an eccentric weight which causes the particles in the pre-cast concrete mass to excite to move close together for a better flow around obstruction. However, the vibrator need to be controlled carefully as the exccess or too little vibration can cause the coarse aggregate particles to be non-uniformly distributed. Finishing Finishing process involves all the steps and equipment used to create the final surface finish and texture of fresh pre-cast concrete. This process can be divided into two parts; floating and texturing. Floating. This process involves different tools and may use multiple passes over the same surface. This is done by running a flat surface across the concrete to remove high and low spots, eliminate the imperfections, and compact the mortar at the surface for texturing. Texturing. The concrete is quite smooth after the floating. So, texturing process is carried out to create a slip resistance surface for traffic. The pattern is done by dragging a rough-texture item across the surface. There are two types of texturing; microtexture and macrotexture. Microtexture. The texturing is done by dragging a section of artificial turf or burlap behind the paver. This can enhances frictional force between the tires of vehicles and the surface of pavement and thus increases safety at lower speeds. Macrotexture. The texturing is done by tining the pavement surface. This type of texturing allows the water to escape from between the tyres of vehicles and the pavement and thus increases the safety at high speeds.   Figure 4: Microtexture Figure 5: Macrotexture Curing The curing process is the maintenance of required temperature and satisfactory moisture in pre-cast concrete as it hardens to develop desired properties such as strength, durability and density. These properties related to the extent of hydration of concrete which depend on the moisture and temperature of the site. The perfection of the hydration can results in the better concretes properties. Jointing This process involves the actions to insert purposeful discontinuities in the pavement and seal them appropriately. Joints are formed in slab for allowing and controlling the movements such as expansion,contraction and warping. There are two types of materials used in joints, a sealer that separates the slab and a sealing compound that fills the top of joint. The material used as a joint fillings are cork, rubber or sheet bitumen. On completion, the surface of the slab may be textured by brushing with a wire broom at right angles to the centre line of the carriageway to gives a better skidding resistance and uniform appearance. The slab should be cured immediately after brush treatment by spraying with a curing compound. Question 2 (c): Describe the performance and specify the material that can be used to fill the void of disused structures, e.g. culverts, redundant sewers, cellars, and basements and also for soil structural stabilisation, e.g. bridge abutments, tunnel stabilisation, and embankments. The material that can be used to fill the voids of disused structure is foamed concrete. Specifically, it is called Highly Air-entrained Mortar (HAM) or also known as aerated concrete. Ready-mix foam concrete is highly workable and contain up to 50 percent air-entrained which lead to a low density material. This type of concrete can self-levelling, self-compacting and can be pumped with the risk of settlement cracking and plastic shrinkage is lower than a normal concrete. The performances of the foamed concrete can be divided into three categories which are plastic state advantages, working improvements and final concrete performance. At plastic stage advantages, the foam concrete can be implemented to a variety project needs and operational conditions as it is more practical than any other materials. The features of concrete that satisfy at this stage are as follows: The concrete can be produced on site or off site. This feature allows an immediate placement on delivery and thus, no space is needed for storage. This will also lead to nice workability retention. The concrete has wide range of possible mixes of materials according to its usage. The proportion of mixture is adjustable to fulfil required performance. This may results in controlled density and strength of the concrete. The concrete has a stable chemical structure. So, no soil analysis and moisture checks between layers are required. This is due to its compatibility with almost all building products and materials. The concrete has a cellular fill. This may cause the external contamination face difficulties to penetrate into the concrete. At the working improvements category, the free-flowing properties of these concrete contribute to the following features and benefits: The concrete is easy to place and finish. It uses only a single process of installation where the concrete is pour and then levelled. This lead to a reduction in cost for labour and supervision. Besides, the specialist machinery such as compactors or vibrators is not needed. The foam concrete is pumpable. They can be pumped at a significant distance by using a simple conventional concrete pump. The concrete is self-compacting and self-levelling. This feature makes it ideal for an inaccessible trench where the compaction is difficult to carry out. It allows the concrete to discharge into narrow space and fully fills the void. At final concrete performance category, the plastic state qualities have finally translated into significant final performances. The performances are as follows: The concrete has high entrained air content. This feature makes the concrete becomes more resistance towards freezing or thaw damage. The entrained air content also acts as a good thermal and acoustic insulation. The foam concrete has a good cohesion. The cohesion makes the concrete as a stable foam structure that reduces settlements. The cohesion also helps in the reduction of bleeding and segregation of concrete The density and strength of the foam concrete can be controlled. The range of densities and strengths is available for each type of foam concrete. The lower strength concrete allows removal of subsequent access to services The foam concrete has a stable structure which makes it can be surfaced after twenty-four hours. Question 2 (d): Briefly describe the activities involved in external works at the start of the contract. External works can be generally defined as the construction works done externally from the main building. The external works can be divided into two; at contract commencement and at the end of contract. The activities involved in external works at the start of the contract are drainage, temporary access and buildings, and public utilities whereas the activities involved at the end of contract consists of road and pavement, fencing, landscaping and minor external works. Drainage can be divided into two types; underground/subsurface drainage and surface drainage. Subsurface drainage was made to collect the water from where it is not wanted to some other place such as removing and disposing of surplus groundwater from gardens and other plots of open land. The system usually deals with foul water from kitchen, toilets and any industrial process or combining foul water with surface water. The subsurface drainage system consists of underground pipe line, manhole/inspection chamber and culvert. The underground pipe line pipes and sewer pipes can be made of vitrified clay, uPVC, concrete, high density polyethylene (HDPE) and many others. The jointing of plain ended pipes is made by means of a coupling where the socketed pipe that has distinguishable male and female ends must be laid with female end pointing upstream. To construct underground pipe line, the pipes should be laid in straight line from point to point with a fall to a steady gradient. The type of bedding is depending on the pipes material to protect the pipes from ruptures or breakage. The fittings and access points must be installed at head of run, bend or change of direction, change in pipe diameter and at junction, unless all runs connected to junction can be rodded from another access point. The second part of subsurface drainage system is manhole, access point and inspection chamber. The access chambers are intended to provide simple access for cursory inspection and access for drain rods or other maintenance equipment. The inspection chambers (IC) are larger than access chambers. It provides access for maintenance equipment, but tends to have more branches feeding into them. The manholes (MH) are the largest chambers providing access to sewer or drain for maintenance equipment. The manholes can be made from brick (brick manhole) or pre-cast concrete manhole. The brick manhole typically have 215mm thick brickwork with a mass concrete as benching whereas the pre-cast concrete manhole only 50-60mm thick, although those built beneath vehicular trafficked areas should have been haunches with mass concrete at least 150mm thick. Figure 6: The Cross-section of Pre-cast Concrete Manhole The third part of subsurface drainage system is culvert. Culvert is a structure which provides a waterway or other opening under a road. The type of pipe culvert should be class Z spun reinforced concrete with spun concrete collars or spigot and socket type. Figure 7: The Culvert The second type of drainage is surface drainage system. The system collects water from the roof and the paving, often discharging this relatively clean water into a local watercourse to reduce demand on the effluent treatment plant. The surface water systems are gulley and access point, continuous grating over pre-cast concrete channels and combined kerb and drainage systems. The gulley and access point can be classed into individual trapped gulley and road gullies. The individual trapped gully commonly used with rainwater downspouts for draining large area of paving. The road gullies are basically much larger and used within carriageways. The continuous grating over pre-cast channels can be made from wide range materials such as HDPE, polymer concrete and stainless steel. The combined kerb and drainage systems act as road isolator and discharge point of collected surface water. Figure 8: The Kerb Second external works done at start of the contract is the construction of temporary access, storage area, car parking and site facilities. These are the major components to be built before any construction of building can take places in provision of difficult access to all parts of the site, difficulties in storage of materials and for the site facilities and car parking. For the construction of temporary access, the contractor will lay the base course of permanent road to minimise the cost. The site temporary road can be kept dry by laying the drainage system as soon as possible. The third external works at the commencement of contract is the public utilities services. The services that involves are water system, electricity and cabling for telephone. The public utilities need to be planned ahead before any major structures are built. Any constructions of service mains and ducts should start concurrently with foundation construction stage so that it will not hinder the construction activities.

Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) :: essays research papers

Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators and electronics on a common silicon substrate using microfabrication techniques. MEMS are a hot area of research because they integrate sensing, analyzing and responding on the same silicon substrate hence promising realization of complete systems-on-a-chip. As MEMS are manufactured using batch fabrication techniques similar to IC technology, MEMS are expected to deliver high functionality at low prices. Current systems are limited by the capability of sensors and actuators, as these are bulkier and less reliable than the microelectronic circuit. In a MEM system the sensors act as the ‘eyes’ and gather data about the environment. The microelectronic circuit, which is the ‘brain’, processes the data and accordingly controls the mechanical systems, the ‘arms’ of the MEMS, to modify the environment suitably. The electronics on the MEMS are manufactured using IC techniques while micro machining techniques are used to produce the mechanical and electromechanical parts. MEMS Fabrication: There are number of methods to fabricate MEMS like silicon surface micromachining, silicon bulk machining, electro discharge machining, LIGA (in German, Lithographie, Galvanoformung(Electro Plating), Abformung(Injection Moulding)) .Only silicon surface micromachining is discussed here. Silicon Surface Micromachining Silicon surface micromachining uses the same equipment and processes as the electronics semiconductor industry. There are three basic building blocks in this technology, which are the ability to deposit thin films of material on a substrate, to apply a patterned mask on top of the films by photolithographic imaging, and to etch the films selectively to the mask. A MEMS process is usually a structured sequence of these operations to form actual devices. 1. Deposition Processes: One of the basic building blocks in MEMS processing is the ability to deposit thin films of material. This is achieved either through the processes like PVD or CVD. 2. Lithography: Lithography in the MEMS context is typically the transfer of a pattern to a photosensitive material by selective exposure to a radiation source such as light. In lithography for micromachining, the photosensitive material used is typically a photoresist. When resist is exposed to a radiation source of a specific a wavelength, the chemical resistance of the resist to developer solution changes. 3. Etching: If the resist is placed in a developer solution after selective exposure to a light source, it will etch away one of the two regions (exposed or unexposed). Then another layer of material is deposited and the first layer selectively etched away as shown in the figure resulting in the required MEMS.

slavery in 18th century Essays -- Slavery Essays

slavery in 18th century Despite the horror of the word slavery we have to admit that slaves have played a big role in rising big empires. For example the Egyptians used slaves to build their majestic pyramids, the Chinese and Indian used slaves for large-scale construction and agricultural and the Hebrews also used slaves. Slaves were brought from Africa to the British American colonies to work in agriculture and farming, which among other factors made the British colonies in America become so strong and prosperous. The slaves of the British American colonies were mainly from African west coast. It is important to note that slavery was present in African communities long before white traders sent African slaves to Europe and America. Slaves in Africa were those tribal people captured in confrontations between tribes and sold to Arab traders. The first traders to introduce slaves to the American colonies were the Portuguese who were later followed by the Spanish. Brought from Africa by way of different routes but in particular, the "Middle Passage" or directly from Africa to the Indies, slaves would travel in ships packed like sardines and under the most horrible conditions. Perhaps the most logical reason to try to explain the boom of slavery in America and anywhere is it was a very profitable business. In the case of America, the first slave trades were done for mere profit but then it became a necessity because of the increasing demand for working hands in the ...

Comparing William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge and Wil

Compare and Contrast William Wordsworth's Composed Upon Westminster Bridge and William Blake's London William Wordsworth and William Blake wrote poems about London, but they presented their views from different angles. Wordsworth sees the beauty in London and Blake sees only the ugliness. William Wordsworth's "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge" gives a step-by-step look at the awe-inspiring beauty of a London sunrise, whereas William Blake's "London" shows the dreary ugliness of London life by taking a stroll down London's streets. "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge" affects the reader with a sense of wonderment at the beauty that is created with a sunrise. London appears to be the most beautiful place on earth during a sunrise. The sun bathes the city in light and gives the reader a sense of purity and cleanliness. "London" affects the reader with an opposite feeling. The reader sees the unsavory side of London in the faces of its citizens. The citizens of London are unhappy with their lives, but they accept it with resignation. It is appalling how the Church uses the small chimney-sweeping children to clean the soot of London and the poor become soldiers that die for the monarchy. The purity and cleanliness of London is lost when young women become prostitutes. The death that falls upon a marriage is often transmitted through the diseases a prostitute passes on. A sense of anger is felt at a life that allows such sadness and darkness to fall upon the citizens of London. Wordsworth and Blake use different techniques in their poems to present their views. Wordsworth uses personification to bring the beauty of the sunrise to life. London takes on human traits with "This city now doth, like a garment, wear! The beauty of... ...y emphasizing the dreary bondage of the London citizens in "London." Wordsworth's use of imagery and rhythm places the reader in a calm and peaceful situation. Blake's use of imagery and rhythm places the reader in an angry tension filled situation. Wordsworth's readers have the wonders of a sunrise unfold before them and beauty is seen everywhere. Blake's readers become angry at the ugliness and unfairness of life and bondage and resignation are seen everywhere. Both authors achieved their tasks admirably. Works Cited Blake, William. "London." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. 729. Wordsworth, William. "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. 1157.

Human Resource Info Systems Essay

Training is a very important part of the human resources department. Training is a big part of human resources for a couple important reasons. Some of the reasons that training is important are: training helps develop optimism in the trainee, more job skills and knowledge are obtain from training, training helps the trainee to feel more comfortable with the employees they will be working with, and training also helps the trainee learn how to be better organized with the activities the job requires from them. If training wasn’t provided for them new employees coming into the work field would be confused when they started working and this could cause them to have low self-esteem and want to give up on their job because of the lack of communication and ability to provide great quality of work. The HRIS I have chosen is training. The training system will provide the new employees with an online training program which will help them train themselves. This training system will consist of a video explaining their job tasks, and certain test that will test their previous knowledge and help the HR manger give every new employee individual training activities after they have been tested. The training program will consist of real life scenarios that will help them figure out how to deal with situations that have occurred before to other employees. I was searching for a couple of vendors and found two of them that caught my attention. One would be Datamaticsinc. http://www. datamaticsinc. com/ Datamatics Management Services, Inc. delivers automated time and attendance software systems and workforce management services that will help Castle Family Restaurant control payroll costs and maximize productivity. These systems improve employee tracking, scheduling, absence management, job costing and labor analytics. And another I had found was trainer active http://www. fenman. co. uk/traineractive/about/index. hp where their massive Training Activity Portal allows them to build their own unique collection of ready-made trainer-laced trinities or tailor their own training programmer, supposedly saving up to 80% of the course preparation time. Now looking at both of these I decided to choose the first one which is Datamaticsinc because they provide a way better software in my opinion. Since I’m planning to have on person in charge of one of each restaurant I will need to train that person. Training has a big impact on a company. I believe that Castle Family Restaurant will benefit from having this training online system. Jay Morgan is having trouble running all restaurant locations. Jay Morgan is trying to reduce as much traveling to each restaurant location as possible and having this online training system will his employees to get train well for each restaurant location. This program will give employees the skills to better run the restaurant and have more knowledge of the tasks needed from them and will also help Jay Morgan conserve time and decrease each Castle Family Restaurant location.